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  • The essence of the Middle East war is not a local clash but a change of order


    The first perspective that must be discarded when looking at the war in the Middle East is the idea that this is simply an extension of a single event. For many people, the starting point is Hamas¡¯s surprise attack on October 7, 2023. That day was certainly a major turning point. However, the clashes unfolding now are not merely an expanded version of the Gaza war. They are closer to the result of a shock that began in Gaza and then spread across Lebanon, the Red Sea, Syria, Iraq, the Iranian mainland, and the waters of the Gulf, linking them into one broad battlefield. In other words, the current crisis in the Middle East has moved beyond the first equation of ¡°Israel versus Hamas¡± into a second and third equation combining ¡°Israel versus Iran in a struggle over the regional order¡± with ¡°the return of U.S. involvement.¡± The battlefields have many names, but in reality a single structure is in motion.

    This shift matters because the objective of the war has changed. In the past, the focus was on who fired more rockets and which city suffered greater damage. Now the question has moved beyond that to who designs deterrence in the Middle East, who binds alliances together, and who guarantees the stability of energy flows and shipping lanes. Iran has long used Hamas, Hezbollah, the Houthis, and pro-Iranian armed groups in Iraq and Syria as a connected network. Israel, by contrast, has viewed this network not as a threat beyond its borders but as an encirclement structure aimed at its very survival. The United States had tried for a time to reduce its direct involvement, but as this structure began to shake the nuclear issue, maritime logistics, and Gulf security all at once, it has moved back in more deeply. The war in the Middle East today is less a fight over territory than a struggle over networks. What matters more than who occupies more land is who can shape the regional order for longer.


    The age of shadow war has ended, and the age of direct confrontation has begun
    For a long time, Iran and Israel wore each other down through the methods of shadow war rather than direct large-scale attack. Iran applied pressure through proxy forces, while Israel responded with limited strikes targeting positions inside Syria, nuclear and missile-related facilities, or commanders. This pattern was unstable, but it also functioned as a kind of safety mechanism. There was an unspoken calculation that each side would not cross certain lines. But Iran¡¯s direct missile attack in 2024, followed by Israeli and American military action against Iran in 2025, shattered that logic. The old assumption that ¡°both sides will restrain themselves because direct confrontation would hurt everyone¡± no longer holds. Direct clashes are no longer an exception. They have become an option that can be chosen when needed.

    This change is far more dangerous than it appears. In a shadow war, the room for miscalculation was limited. Proxy forces were hit, retaliation was indirect, and diplomatic exits remained available. But direct war is different. The homeland is struck, nuclear facilities become targets, and the symbols of the regime and the military command structure are shaken at the same time. Once such a war opens up, it is difficult to return to the old state of indirect confrontation. The moment one side judges that the other has already crossed the line, the standard for the next strike rises with it. What makes the recent clashes in the Middle East so frightening is not simply the number of missiles, but the collapse of the taboo that ¡°direct strikes are off-limits.¡± That single collapse changes the entire grammar of strategy that follows.

    Gaza was the starting point, but now it has become the background that justifies the entire war
    Gaza still matters. Civilian casualties, the humanitarian crisis, the fragility of ceasefires, and the collapse of relief systems remain key variables that shape the emotional temperature of the entire Middle East. But to understand the current crisis in the region, Gaza must be seen not as the center but as the background. Gaza is not a battlefield that has ended. It has become a reservoir of justification used by Hezbollah, the Houthis, and Iran to explain their actions. The more Israel continues military operations in Gaza, the more surrounding forces use it as a basis for regional solidarity. On the other side, within Israel there is a strong perception that Gaza is not a ¡°partial war¡± but the first front in a larger encirclement structure. For that reason, Gaza has become both a battlefield in itself and an emotional engine that keeps the broader war in motion.

    What matters here is that the center of the war keeps shifting over time. At first, hostages, urban warfare in Gaza, and ceasefire negotiations were at the center of the news. Then the Lebanon border and the Red Sea became more important. Now the Iranian mainland, Gulf waters, U.S. bases, nuclear facilities, and energy infrastructure occupy a greater share of attention. The fact that the war keeps moving in this way does not mean the starting point has disappeared. Rather, it suggests that because the original point of departure has not been resolved, the front continues to spread sideways, upward, and outward. Any attempt to manage only the other fronts without settling the Gaza question is bound to remain unstable. That is why anyone who treats Gaza as ¡°an event that has already passed¡± will continue to misread the future of the Middle East. Gaza is still supplying the language of regional legitimacy.

    Iran¡¯s strength lay less in the number of its missiles than in its network, but that network is wearing down
    Iran has never traditionally been a country that could dominate the United States or Israel in direct confrontation. Instead, it was strong at dispersing costs. It could shake its surroundings without taking the hit directly, open multiple fronts at once to exhaust its adversaries, and combine proxy forces with political and sectarian networks to expand its influence. The so-called ¡°Axis of Resistance¡± was therefore not just an alliance, but the central device of Iran¡¯s regional strategy. The problem is that over the past year or two, that device has weakened rapidly. Hamas has been heavily depleted, Hezbollah has suffered greater damage than before, and changes in Syria have weakened Iran¡¯s overland supply routes and strategic depth. In the end, Iran has entered a phase in which it can no longer bind down its adversaries through proxy networks alone as it once did.

    This is not simply a matter of declining power. More dangerous is the instability of the structure itself. When the network is strong, the homeland has less reason to step in directly. But as the network wears down, anxiety in the homeland grows, and that anxiety can lead to more direct and more aggressive responses. A weakened network stimulates the impatience of the regime. That is why, at certain moments, the side that appears weaker can actually look more dangerous. That is the case with Iran now. On the surface, its assets may appear to be shrinking and its influence weakening, but precisely for that reason it may try to stage deterrence at a higher level or attempt bolder retaliation. Weakening does not necessarily mean moderation. Sometimes it means the opposite. The more fragile a regime becomes, the more strongly it may try to signal, ¡°We are still to be feared.¡±

    The goal of the United States and Israel is closer to weakening the regime¡¯s functions than to outright victory
    Officially, the United States and Israel use expressions such as nuclear deterrence, blocking missile capabilities, self-defense, and regional stability. But taken as a whole, recent military action appears to have a more concrete objective: reducing Iran¡¯s ability to shake the Middle Eastern order as it does now. In other words, rather than the declarative goal of changing the regime in one stroke, the more immediate aim seems to be to weaken the regime¡¯s military, intelligence, and deterrent functions and narrow its strategic options. The current approach, which simultaneously pressures the nuclear program, long-range missiles, proxy support structures, maritime threat capacity, and command systems, has the character of targeting structural weakening rather than simple retaliation.

    The problem is that a war like this has no clear standard for ending. How much damage to nuclear facilities is enough? How far must missile capabilities be reduced to count as success? How should one calculate the possibility that proxy forces could rearm? Will internal cracks in the regime actually lead to change? There are no clear answers to such questions. And the broader the objectives become, the more likely the war is to drag on. The end of war becomes not the product of military achievement but of political judgment, and the more uncertain the politics, the more military action continues by inertia. At precisely this point, the war in the Middle East changes from a war that is meant to be ended into a war that is meant to be managed. The war does not end. It simply continues while changing in intensity and form. The more this structure hardens, the more the Middle East becomes a space where the line between peacetime and wartime is blurred.

    The Gulf states are no longer bystanders, but stakeholders who must bear the cost directly
    Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait were for a long time masters of balancing. They relied on the American security umbrella without becoming completely hostile to Iran, and they placed the stability of commerce, investment, and energy exports above all else. But the present war is steadily reducing the room for neutrality. Once U.S. bases, ports, refineries, urban airspace, and maritime traffic are exposed to danger, the Gulf states can no longer remain in the position of watching someone else¡¯s war from afar. In particular, when the security of straits and ports is shaken, these states begin to move away from the identity of diplomatic mediator and investment hub toward that of a direct security actor forced to absorb the risks of attack.

    This shift is likely to shape the region¡¯s future alignment. In the past, Gulf states could create room for themselves by adjusting their distance between the United States and Iran. But once their own territory, infrastructure, and shipping routes are continuously threatened, the calculation changes. Over the long term, anti-Iran security cooperation may solidify further, and in the short term there may be more integrated air defense, intelligence sharing, and dependence on U.S. forces. Even countries that once welcomed a reduction in American involvement may again come to need the American presence when a real crisis arrives. This is a change that turns the clock back in the Gulf. Rather than post-American autonomy, what may be reinforced is renewed dependence under conditions of crisis.

    The nuclear issue is not just the justification for war, but the structural floor beneath instability in the Middle East
    The reason concern surrounding Iran does not end with simple political hostility or border tension is that the nuclear issue lies underneath it all. In recent years, Iran¡¯s stockpile of highly enriched uranium and the question of inspections have continuously heightened international anxiety. Military action may be able to damage some nuclear facilities, but it cannot eliminate nuclear knowledge, technical personnel, or the will to rebuild. On the contrary, outside attacks may strengthen the argument within the regime that nuclear deterrence is more necessary than ever. That is why the nuclear issue is both a physical target that can be bombed and a political problem that bombing can make worse.

    In this sense, the nuclear crisis in the Middle East is far more complex than simply asking whether a weapon has been built or not. What matters more is how close Iran has come to the threshold, whether verifiable limits can be restored, and whether there is still a door open to diplomatic return. International organizations and diplomatic channels still see some room to restore inspection and verification frameworks, but the longer the war drags on, the narrower that space becomes. In the end, it is clear that military pressure cannot replace diplomacy. Facilities can be destroyed, but the political motives behind the nuclear issue cannot be bombed away. That is why the nuclear question remains both a reason for war and, at the same time, the underlying layer of Middle Eastern disorder that war alone cannot solve.

    The real battlefield is the straits and shipping lanes, insurance premiums and oil prices
    The war in the Middle East is remembered in images of missiles, but the point at which the global economy actually reacts is the straits and shipping routes. The Strait of Hormuz is the key passage through which Gulf crude oil and LNG leave the region, while the Red Sea and the Suez route are arteries that determine the timetable of logistics between Europe and Asia. Once this corridor is shaken, the war quickly spreads into the problems of oil prices, insurance premiums, freight rates, manufacturing costs, and consumer inflation. The fact that the recent crisis has produced ship diversions, attacks on commercial vessels, rising war-risk insurance, and anxiety over energy supply all at once is no coincidence. Military crisis in the Middle East is always translated by the market into the form of transport costs and risk premiums.

    This matters because the impact of war extends far beyond borders. A delay in the passage of a single oil tanker is not simply a problem for an energy company. It affects refining margins, port turnaround times, vessel procurement costs, aviation fuel and bunker fuel prices, and manufacturing logistics schedules in sequence. The continuing view that the aftereffects of the Red Sea and Suez crisis are distorting global trade flows means that the moment war causes ships to reroute, the cost structure of the world¡¯s supply chains has already begun to change. If Hormuz also becomes unstable, the shock can only grow larger. The Middle East war is no longer just regional news. It is a potential driver of global inflation.

    The key trend of the future is not peace, but the institutionalization of permanent tension
    Many people expect that diplomacy will eventually work and that the war will stop. Of course, ceasefires or temporary arrangements are always possible. But the broader direction shown by the current trend is closer to the restoration not of reconciliation, but of institutionalized tension. Israel is seeking to apply a broader standard for preemptive strikes beyond its borders. The United States tries to reduce direct involvement, yet returns whenever the nuclear issue, shipping lanes, or defense of allies comes into question. Iran can no longer create room as easily as before through proxy forces alone, and the Gulf states are more likely to strengthen security integration than to preserve neutral space. When these elements overlap, a return to the old peacetime order becomes difficult even if the war itself ends. A ceasefire may come, but tension remains.

    In the end, the future Middle East is more likely to resemble a structure in which small wars and major crises repeat than one in which a single great war is followed by peace. In such a structure, even a ceasefire is less a complete peace than a period of preparation before the next clash. War does not exist only in the form of military action. Sanctions, maritime threats, drone attacks, cyberwarfare, the rearmament of proxy forces, air defense integration, military exercises, and diplomatic pressure are all different faces of the same war. That is why, when looking at the future of the Middle East, it is more realistic to ask not ¡°Will the war end?¡± but ¡°How permanent will tension become?¡± What is now underway may not be a one-time clash, but a transition to a system of permanent crisis management.

    The possible future scenarios can be compressed into three paths
    The first is the most realistic path: a prolonged, attritional, limited war. In this scenario, the United States and Israel continue pressuring Iran¡¯s nuclear, missile, and command infrastructure, while Iran responds by raising costs through missiles, drones, maritime threats, and proxy forces. Neither side secures a decisive victory, and only the intensity of military action rises and falls. Markets are shaken repeatedly, diplomacy oscillates between containment and renewed breakdown, and the Middle East hardens into a region of permanent crisis. At present, this is the most plausible scenario.

    The second is an escalation scenario in which the Gulf region itself is drawn in more deeply. If the energy facilities, U.S. bases, ports, and urban infrastructure of Gulf states continue to be threatened or suffer actual damage, a much broader security alignment could emerge. In that case, the war would cease to be simply a clash between Iran and Israel and would become a war of military realignment across the entire region. Under such conditions, instability in Hormuz would translate directly into shock for the global economy, and oil prices, shipping rates, and insurance premiums could all become more volatile. This is the path in which political and economic costs rise sharply together.

    The third is a scenario of imperfect bargaining and temporary pause. If neither side can deliver a decisive blow, and if the costs associated with straits, energy, and civilian casualties become too great, a limited ceasefire or private arrangement may be reached. Yet even in this case, the core issues remain: the nuclear problem, proxy forces, Gaza and Lebanon, and maritime security. That is why this scenario is closer not to peace, but to a temporary patch meant to avoid even greater costs. In other words, the war does not end; it is merely paused for a time. In the Middle East, this kind of ¡°temporary stability¡± often becomes the preparation time for the next crisis.

    In sum, what this war will leave behind is not victory or defeat, but a new operating manual for the Middle East
    If this war is seen only as a military clash, the most important thing is missed. What is happening in the Middle East now is not just a matter of who hit whom and how hard. It is a process in which the role of the United States, Israel¡¯s method of deterrence, Iran¡¯s survival strategy, the alignment of the Gulf states, the management of the nuclear issue, and the protection of energy flows and maritime security are all being rewritten. The old Middle East stood on an uncomfortable but functioning balance. Now that balance is shaking all at once. What is likely to remain, therefore, is not the recovery of peace, but a Middle East redesigned in a harsher and more unstable way.

    The future of the Middle East is now becoming less a question of ¡°What comes after the war ends?¡± than of ¡°Who can endure in an order where war has become part of everyday life?¡± That is why the current war in the Middle East should be read not simply as military news, but as a core trend for understanding the world order after 2026. The Middle East is once again becoming not the world¡¯s periphery, but its center. This time it is returning not only as the center of oil, but as the center of security, shipping, nuclear risk, alliances, supply chains, and inflation.

    Reference
    IAEA, Verification and monitoring in the Islamic Republic of Iran (2025 reports).
    IAEA, Director General statement to the United Nations Security Council on Iran, June 20, 2025.
    Council on Foreign Relations, Conflicts to Watch 2026 and Global Conflict Tracker updates on Iran, Israel, Palestine, and Hezbollah.
    CSIS, analyses on U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran and regional reverberations.
    Brookings, expert discussions on the Iran war and its aftermath.
    Carnegie Endowment, analysis of Gulf security alignment after Iranian attacks.
    IEA, Strait of Hormuz oil security materials.
    UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2025 and related maritime disruption updates.
    World Bank, The Deepening Red Sea Shipping Crisis.
    UKMTO/JMIC maritime advisory on Gulf of Oman and Strait of Hormuz risk environment.
    AP and Reuters reporting on March 2026 war developments and Gulf shipping disruption.